상담심리학
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상담심리학
도서명 : 상담심리학
저자/출판사 : 이장호,이동귀,저자,글,, 박영스토리
쪽수 : 616쪽
출판일 : 2023-02-27
ISBN : 9791165193836
정가 : 30000
제 1 장 상담의 기본개념
1. 상담의 정의 ····················································································································· 4
1.1 상담과 생활지도, 심리치료와의 비교 6
2. 상담자의 활동영역 ········································································································· 9
3. 용어의 정리 ··················································································································· 11
제 2 장 상담의 기초이론
1. 이론에 대한 기본관점 ·································································································· 16
2. 정신분석적 상담 치료 ·························································································· 17
2.1 기본개념 18
1. 인 간 관/18 2. 성격구조/18 3. 성격발달/19 4. 방어기제/20
2.2 치료과정 22
1. 치료목표/22 2. 치료자의 기능과 역할/23 3. 내담자가 겪는 경험/23
4. 치료자와 내담자의 관계/23
2.3 주요 기법과 절차 24
1. 해 석/25 2. 자유연상/27 3. 꿈의 분석/29 4. 저항의 해석/30
5. 전이의 해석/30 6. 정신분석적 상담의 과정/32
2.4 프로이트로부터의 이탈 : 신(新)정신분석학파 33
2.5 정신분석의 현대적 경향 36
2.6 정신분석적 면접의 예 37
3. 인간중심의 접근 ··········································································································· 41
3.1 기본개념 41
1. 인 간 관/41 2. 이론적 특징/41
3.2 치료과정 42
1. 치료목표/42 2. 치료자의 기능과 역할/42 3. 내담자가 겪는 경험/42
4. 상담자와 내담자의 관계/43
3.3 주요 기법과 절차 44
1. 기법의 위치/44 2. 이론의 발달단계로 본 역점/44
3. 인간중심적 상담의 과정/45
3.4 인간중심 접근의 면접 예 46
4. 행동수정 ························································································································· 48
4.1 기본개념 48
1. 인 간 관/48 2. 이론적 특징/49
4.2 치료과정 49
1. 치료목표/49 2. 상담자의 기능과 역할/50 3. 내담자가 겪는 경험/50
4. 상담자와 내담자의 관계/50
4.3 주요 기법과 절차 51
1. 단계적 둔감화/51 2. 자기표현훈련/51 3. 긍정적 강화/52
4. 행동조성/52 5. 모방학습/52 6. 토큰보상치료/52
7. 행동수정적 상담의 과정/53
4.4 행동수정 면접의 예 54
5. 인지적 접근 ··················································································································· 58
5.1 인지적 접근의 기본성격 58
5.2 엘리스의 합리적 정서치료 59
1. 이론적 근거/60 2. 주요 절차/60
5.3 벡의 인지치료 61
1. 이론적 근거/62 2. 주요 절차/62
5.4 자기교습훈련 66
1. 이론적 근거/66 2. 주요 절차/66
5.5 인지적 접근의 종합 및 전망 67
6. 3세대 인지행동치료 ····································································································· 69
6.1 인지행동치료의 제3의 물결 69
6.2 핵심 치료 기제 70
1. 수용/71 2. 마음챙김/71 3. 탈융합/72
6.3 3세대 인지행동치료 상담법 72
1. 수용전념치료/73 2. 마음챙김 기반 인지치료/75 3. 변증법적 행동치료/77
7. 게슈탈트 상담 ··············································································································· 80
7.1 기본개념 80
1. 게슈탈트의 의미, 그리고 상담과의 관계/80
2. 접촉을 통한 자각 혹은 알아차림/81 3. 전경과 배경의 전환/82
7.2 치료과정 83
1. 심리적 장애의 원인에 대한 이해/83 2. 게슈탈트 상담목표/84
3. 게슈탈트 상담과정/84
7.3 주요 기법 및 상담 예시 85
1. 자각 증진하기/85 2. 통합하기: 빈의자 기법/87
8. 현실치료 ························································································································· 89
8.1 기본개념 90
1. 기본적인 욕구와 선택/90 2. 전(全) 행동/90
8.2 치료과정 91
1. 심리적 장애의 원인에 대한 이해/91 2. 현실치료의 상담목표/91
3. 현실치료의 상담과정/92
8.3 주요 기법 94
1. 직면시키기/95 2. 비유 사용하기/96
8.4 현실치료 상담 사례 96
9. 상담이론들에 대한 종합적 이해 ··············································································· 99
9.1 상담이론들의 공통점과 차이점 99
9.2 상담이론들의 강조점 비교 100
9.3 이론공부를 시작하는 초심자들을 위하여 101
제 3 장 상담의 방법
1. 하나의 관점 ················································································································· 108
2. 면접의 기본방법 ········································································································· 109
2.1 경 청 110
2.2 반 영 110
2.3 명 료 화 112
2.4 직 면 112
2.5 해 석 114
2.6 해석의 일반적 지침 115
1. 해석의 대상/115 2. 해석의 시기/116 3. 해석의 제시형태/117
2.7 해석의 제한점 119
3. 문제별 접근방법 ········································································································· 120
3.1 자아개념(자기평가)의 수정 121
3.2 비합리적 사고의 교정 123
3.3 역설적 의도 129
3.4 역할연습 132
3.5 본 뜨 기 135
3.6 자기표현훈련 137
3.7 비생산적 관념의 제거 139
3.8 단계적 둔감화 141
3.9 의사결정의 촉진 150
제 4 장 상담의 과정
1. 상담의 진행과정 ·········································································································· 156
2. 상담체제(과정)의 모형 ······························································································ 161
3. 상담의 첫 면접 ··········································································································· 166
4. 상담의 종결 ················································································································· 173
제 5 장 초심상담자의 유의 사항
1. 내담자가 느끼는 불안 ································································································ 184
1.1 상담자가 나를 이해할 수(혹은 도울 수) 있을까? 184
1.2 상담에서 얘기한 것이 밖으로 새어나가지는 않을까? 186
1.3 상담자에게 너무 의존하게 되는 것은 아닐까? 187
1.4 상담에서 원치 않는 상황이 발생하면 어떻게 하나? 189
2. 초심상담자의 불안과 실수 및 대처방안 ································································ 190
2.1 내담자가 다시 안 오면 어떻게 하지? 191
2.2 수퍼비전을 받을 때 잘못한 부분은 숨기고 싶다! 192
2.3 상담자의 과도한 자기개방 194
2.4 상담에 없는 제3자의 얘기에 초점 맞추는 문제 196
2.5 질문을 남발하면서 불안을 감추기 197
2.6 침묵이 생길까봐 두렵다! 199
2.7 내담자와 사적인 관계에 빠진다면? 200
2.8 상담의 목표와 과제를 내담자와 논의하지 않는 문제 203
2.9 상담자의 가치 도덕을 내담자에게 강요하는 문제 207
2.10 문제를 이해하기 전에 해결해 주려는 오류 209
2.11 내담자가 자살하고 싶다고 말하면 어떻게 하나? 212
2.12 내담자가 말한 내용을 있는 그대로 믿는 오류 215
3. 초심상담자와 상담전문가의 어려움과 대처방식의 차이 ···································· 218
3.1 상담자 전문성 발달 관련 연구들 218
3.2 초심상담자와 상담전문가의 비교 연구의 필요성 222
3.3 김지연, 한나리 및 이동귀(2009) 연구 요약 : 초심상담자와 상담전문가가
느끼는 어려움과 대처방식의 차이 224
1. 연구대상/224 2. 연구절차/225 3. 주요 연구결과/226
4. 논의 및 시사점/235
제 6 장 집단상담
1. 집단상담의 정의 ·········································································································· 242
1.1 인간관계 훈련집단 242
1.2 집단치료 243
1.3 집단의 분류 및 비교 243
1.4 구조화된 집단 프로그램 245
2. 개인상담과 집단상담의 비교 ··················································································· 247
2.1 공통점과 차이점 247
2.2 집단상담에서의 경험 248
3. 집단상담의 준비 및 구성 ························································································· 248
3.1 집단구성원의 선정 249
3.2 집단의 크기 250
3.3 모임의 빈도 250
3.4 모임의 시간 251
3.5 집단모임 장소 251
3.6 집단참여에 대한 준비 252
3.7 폐쇄집단과 개방집단 252
4. 집단상담의 과정 ········································································································· 253
4.1 참여 단계 253
4.2 과도적 단계 254
4.3 작업 단계 255
4.4 종결 단계 257
5. 집단과정별 상담자의 개입반응 ················································································ 258
5.1 집단회기를 시작하고 마감하는 개입반응 258
1. 집단회기를 시작할 때의 개입반응들/258
2. 집단회기를 마감할 때의 개입반응들/259
5.2 집단의 초기 참여 단계에서의 개입반응 260
5.3 집단의 과도적 단계에서의 개입반응 261
5.4 집단의 작업 단계에서의 개입반응 262
5.5 집단의 종결 단계에서의 개입반응 264
5.6 집단상담의 방법과 기법 265
5.7 집단상담자의 자질과 책임 267
6. 집단상담과정의 사례 ································································································· 269
6.1 축어록(제2회) 270
6.2 회기 흐름 282
6.3 개인별 회기소감 282
6.4 상담자의 회기논평 283
제 7 장 상담활동에서의 고려사항
1. 상담에서의 가치문제 ·································································································· 288
1.1 상담에 대한 상담자의 가치관 288
1.2 내담자의 가치에 관련된 상담자의 역할 289
1.3 상담관계에 적용되는 인간적 가치들 293
2. 상담에서의 윤리문제 ································································································· 297
2.1 상담자의 책임 297
2.2 내담자와의 관계 299
2.3 비밀보장의 문제 301
2.4 상담자의 윤리문제에 대한 몇 가지 지침들 303
제 8 장 활용무대별 상담유형
1. 가족상담 ······················································································································· 308
1.1 가족상담의 필요성 308
1.2 가족상담의 원리 310
1.3 가족상담자의 역할 313
1.4 가족상담의 경향과 전망 314
1.5 가족상담의 도입 및 진행의 예시 315
2. 부부상담 ······················································································································· 319
2.1 부부상담의 현황 319
2.2 이혼과 부부상담에 관련된 문제들 320
1. 조정과정으로서의 별거/320 2. 자녀에게 미치는 영향/320
2.3 부부상담의 일반적 특징들 321
2.4 부부상담의 주요 문제들 322
1. 배우자의 외도/322 2. 불화문제/323
2.5 불화문제의 상담 324
1. 부부 간의 만족 불만족의 원인행동에 대한 자각/324
2. 의사소통 장벽의 제거/324 3. 호혜적 행동의 동의 및 실천의 촉진/325
2.6 최근 부부상담 통계자료 325
3. 위기상담 ······················································································································· 326
3.1 위기상담의 특징 326
1. 위기상담의 목표/327 2. 위기상담자의 기본요건/327
3.2 위기의 단계적 특징 및 유발조건 327
1. 위기의 단계적 특징/328 2. 위기상황의 특징/328 3. 위기감의 조건/328
3.3 위기감에 대한 접근방법 329
1. 환경조작/329 2. 일반적인 지원/329 3. 포괄적 해결노력/329
4. 개인상담/330
3.4 위기상담의 방법 330
1. 정서적 지원/330 2. 정서적 발산기회의 제공/330 3. 희망 낙관적 태도의
전달/331 4. 선택적 경청/331 5. 사실적 정보의 제시/332 6. 문제상황의
규명/332 7. 문제에 대한 공감 및 구체화/332 8. 위기상담의 진행단계/333
3.5 위기전화상담의 예 333
4. 전화상담 ······················································································································· 335
4.1 전화상담의 의미 335
4.2 전화상담의 기본 접근방식 335
1. 내담자의 특성/336 2. 기본 접근방식/336
4.3 전화상담의 방법 337
1. 공감적인 이해의 전달/337 2. 성실한 경청/338 3. 인간적 선택의 존중/338
4. 개방적 태도 및 반응/339 5. 구체적인 반응/340 6. 현실직면의 유도/340
4.4 최근 전화상담 통계자료 341
5. 목회상담 ······················································································································· 342
5.1 목회상담의 의미 343
5.2 목회상담의 방향 344
5.3 목회상담의 목표 344
5.4 목회상담의 유형 345
1. 교육적 상담/345 2. 종교적 실존적 문제의 상담/347
6. 산업상담 ······················································································································· 349
6.1 산업상담의 의미 349
1. 산업상담의 필요성/349 2. 역사적 배경/350 3. 우리나라의 현황/351
6.2 산업상담의 기본원리 352
1. 관리자의 상담행동 원리/352 2. 관리자의 바람직한 대화유형/352
6.3 산업상담에 필요한 정보 및 시설 354
6.4 바람직한 ‘관리자-상담자’의 특성 355
6.5 ‘관리자-상담자’ 면담의 예 356
7. 여성상담 ······················································································································· 358
7.1 여성상담의 기본원리 359
7.2 여성상담의 발전 360
7.3 여성운동의 관점과 상담체계 통합의 시도 362
1. 여성과 정신분석/362 2. 여성과 가족치료/363
7.4 여성상담의 과정 365
7.5 여성상담의 기법 366
8. 온라인상담 ··················································································································· 366
8.1 온라인상담의 현황 367
8.2 온라인상담의 의미 367
8.3 온라인상담의 장단점 368
8.4 온라인상담의 여러 형태 370
1. 이메일 상담/371 2. 실시간 채팅 상담/371 3. 화상상담/372
4. 상담사례 게시판/372 5. 데이터베이스를 이용한 상담/372
9. 군 상담 ························································································································ 373
9.1 군 상담관 제도의 현황 및 임무 373
9.2 군 상담의 특성 375
9.3 군 상담에서의 위기개입 절차 378
9.4 자살시도 장병의 심리적 특성 380
1. 자살시도 병사들의 위험요인/380 2. 자살시도 병사들의 보호요인/383
9.5 군 상담 사례 386
1. 내담병사 인적사항/386 2. 가족관계/ 386 3. 상담경위/386
4. 주 호소문제/387 5. 상담 축어록/ 387
10. 탈북이주민 심리상담 접근 모색 : 탈북이주민 자기힘(셀프파워)개발
집단상담 모형을 중심으로 ····················································································· 389
10.1 탈북이주민 심리교육 프로그램의 접근법 391
10.2 탈북이주민 개인 단기상담(10회기) 사례 예시 399
11. 재난피해상담 ·············································································································· 402
11.1 재난과 심리적 외상 402
1. 재 난/402 2. 심리적 외상/ 402
11.2 재난 후 스트레스 증상 403
11.3 재난 후 시간 경과에 따른 심리적 반응 405
1. 재난에 초점을 맞춘 심리적 반응 단계/405
2. 외상 해소에 초점을 맞춘 심리적 반응 단계/405
11.4 심리적 외상에 대한 개입 406
1. 치료의 일반적 지침/407 2. 외상후 초기 심리적 개입/408
3. 공동체의 관심과 지원/408
제 9 장 발달연령별 상담유형
1. 취학 전 아동의 상담 ································································································· 414
1.1 아동발달의 특성 414
1. 사고의 발달/414 2. 언어의 발달/415 3. 자아의 발달/415
1.2 아동상담의 목표 및 접근방법 416
1. 아동상담의 목표/416 2. 상담관계/416
1.3 놀이치료 418
1. 놀이의 역할/418 2. 놀이치료의 설비 및 방법/418 3. 가족의 참여/419
1.4 인지조정요법 420
1.5 미술치료 420
1. 미술치료의 개념/420 2. 미술치료의 발전/421 3. 미술치료의 실제/422
2. 초등학생 상담 ············································································································· 424
2.1 발달특성에 따른 접근 424
1. 6~9세 아동의 상담/424 2. 10~13세 아동의 상담/425
2.2 초등학생 상담의 목표 426
1. 자기이해/426 2. 건전한 자아개념의 발달/426 3. 학습과정의 촉진/427
4. 대인관계의 발달/427 5. 정서적 문제의 해소/427
2.3 초등학생 상담에서 고려할 점 428
1. 성숙수준에 대해 고려할 점/428 2. 상담과정에서의 고려점/429
2.4 초등학생 상담의 기법 429
2.5 초등학교에서의 집단상담 430
3. 중등학생 상담 ············································································································· 432
3.1 교사와 상담 432
3.2 중 고교생의 문제 433
3.3 중 고교생 상담의 기본원리 434
1. 중 고교생 상담의 특징/435 2. 가치관과 사회규범의 문제/435
3. 전문가에의 의뢰/436
3.4 중등학교에서의 집단지도 436
1. 자활시간 등을 통한 집단과정/436 2. 소집단 상담/437
3. 집단지도의 평가/437
4. 대학생 상담 ················································································································· 437
4.1 대학생의 발달특징 437
4.2 대학생 상담의 주요 문제와 접근방법 440
1. 월경곤란에 대한 근육이완훈련/440 2. 불안통제훈련/441
3. 자기표현훈련/443 4. 취업문제 등에 대한 상담/443
4.3 대학생 상담의 새로운 추세 445
5. 장 노년 상담 ············································································································· 447
5.1 성인의 심리적 특징 447
1. 중년기의 심리적 특성/447 2. 중년기 이후 노년기의 특성/448
5.2 장 노년 상담의 필요성 449
5.3 은퇴 전 노인 상담 449
5.4 은퇴 후 노인 상담 451
1. 치료적 상담영역/451 2. 예방적 상담영역/452
제10장 특수문제별 상담유형
1. 학습문제 상담 ············································································································· 458
1.1 학습문제의 기본특징 458
1.2 성공적인 학습태도를 위한 상담 458
1.3 효과적인 학습방략의 예시 461
2. 성문제 상담 ················································································································· 464
2.1 성(性)문제 상담의 필요성 464
2.2 성문제 상담의 지침 465
1. 성에 관한 상담자 자신의 인식/465 2. 개방적 의사소통/465 3. 내담자가 무지
하다는 가정/466 4. 상담자의 기본적 성지식/466 5. 의사 전문가에의 의뢰/466
6. 위장적 회피적 태도의 처리/467 7. 상담자의 객관적 역할/467
2.3 성 피해자의 상담 468
1. 성 피해자 상담의 일차적 목표 및 과정/468
2. 지속적 상담의 목표 및 과정/469
2.4 에이즈 관련 상담 473
1. 에이즈의 출현과 현 실태/473 2. 에이즈 관련 연구들/475
3. 에이즈 환자/내담자의 특징/476 4. 에이즈 관련 상담 단체들/477
3. 비행청소년 상담 ········································································································· 478
3.1 청소년 비행과 상담 478
3.2 비행청소년에 대한 접근방법 479
3.3 비행청소년 문제와 상담자의 역할 480
1. 정신건강상담/480 2. 보호조정적 상담/481
4. 직업 및 진로상담 ······································································································· 481
4.1 직업 및 진로상담의 의미 481
1. 직업상담의 기능/482 2. 일반상담과의 관계/482
4.2 진로 및 직업선택의 이론 482
1. 자아욕구 결정론/483 2. 흥미 태도의 발달 단계론/483 3. 환경적응론/483
4. 자아개념 결정론/484 5. 성격유형 상관론/484
4.3 직업계획 484
1. 개인역동적 요인의 고려/485 2. 개인적 직업적 요구 간의 간극/485
4.4 내담자의 인식부족과 진로 및 직업상담 486
1. 진로상담의 정확성에 대한 오해/486 2. 일회성 결정에 대한 편견/488
3. 적성 심리검사에 대한 과잉신뢰/489 4. 흥미와 능력 개념의 혼동/490
5. 상담자의 기타 고려사항/490
4.5 진로계획 상담의 기본지침 491
1. 내담자에 대한 평가/491 2. 직업정보의 수집 및 전달/492
3. 상담기법상의 고려점/492
제11장 전문적 상담의 현재와 미래
1. 상담자 교육의 문제점과 바람직한 방향 ································································ 496
1.1 현 상담자 연수교육의 문제점 496
1. 핵심내용의 빈곤/498 2. 실용성의 부족/498 3. 일관성의 부족/499
4. 교육내용의 중복/499 5. 상담교육자의 책임감 부족/499
1.2 바람직한 상담자 교육의 특성 499
1. 상담자 상의 구체화/500 2. 행동 및 사회과학적 내용의 강조/500 3. 상담자의
자기성장/500 4. 인접분야 전문가의 참여/501 5. 연수교육의 평가 및 지도/501
6. 상담연수자의 선정/501 7. 집단역학적 교육/501
2. 전문적 상담의 현재와 미래 ····················································································· 502
2.1 전문적 상담자의 현 위치 502
1. 제도화되지 않은 전문상담자/502 2. 정착되지 못한 상담자 교육/504
2.2 상담자 역할에 대한 인식부족 505
1. 상담자 역할에 대한 비합리적 기대/505 2. 상담자와 내담자 인구의 비율/506
2.3 전문적 상담자 및 직업적 상담활동의 미래 507
제12장 상담의 동양적 접근
1. 상담이론의 토착화 ······································································································ 514
1.1 불교적 접근 515
1. 불교에서의 인간관/515 2. 심리적인 문제와 그 원인/516 3. 해탈과 심리적
문제의 극복/516 4. 불교적 접근의 요약/517 5. 불교, 정신분석 및 인간중심의
접근 간의 비교/518
1.2 본성실현적 접근 523
1. 인 간 관/523 2. 본성실현의 장애/524 3. 본성의 실현/526
4. 요약 및 평가/529
2. 동양에서의 다른 접근들 ··························································································· 530
2.1 이장호의 통합상담론적 접근 530
1. 통합상담론이 지향하는 특징과 논리적 배경/530 2. 네 가지 논리적 배경/531
3. 통합상담의 접근 방법/533 4. 통합상담의 기존 상담접근과의 차이점/533
5. 통합상담적 집단수련의 특징적 회기과정(요약)/534 6. 통합상담론적 집단수련의
집단원 책임 및 접근기법/535
2.2 윤호균의 온마음 상담 535
2.3 노자의 도와 상담 537
1. 노자의 사상/537 2. 상담에 대한 시사점/539
2.4 명 상 541
1. 역사적 배경/541 2. 현 황/542 3. 이 론/542 4. 방 법/544
5. 적 용/546
2.5 나이칸 요법 546
1. 역사적 배경/547 2. 현 황/547 3. 이 론/547 4. 방 법/548
5. 적 용/549
2.6 모리타 요법 549
1. 역 사/549 2. 현 황/550 3. 이 론/550 4. 방 법/551 5. 요 약/552
제13장 상담 수퍼비전
1. 상담 수퍼비전의 개관 ································································································ 556
1.1 수퍼비전의 정의와 발전과정 556
1. 수퍼비전의 정의/556 2. 수퍼비전의 발전과정/557
1.2 수퍼비전의 목적 및 필요성 557
1. 내담자 보호/558 2. 수퍼바이지의 전문적 능력 향상과 성장/558
1.3 수퍼바이저의 역할과 기능 559
1. 교사 역할/559 2. 자문가 역할/559
3. 치료자 역할/560 4. 평가자 역할/560
2. 수퍼비전 이론적 모델 ······························································································· 561
2.1 발달 모델 561
1. 통합발달 모델/562 2. 전 생애 발달 모델/564
2.2 변별 모델 566
2.3 체계적 접근 모델 567
1. 수퍼비전 관계/568 2. 수퍼비전의 과제와 기능/568
3. 수퍼비전의 맥락적 요인/569
3. 수퍼비전의 윤리 ········································································································· 570
3.1 수퍼비전에서의 윤리적 쟁점 570
1. 내담자의 복지/571 2. 수퍼바이저의 역할과 책임/572
3. 수퍼바이지의 책임/573 4. 수퍼비전 관계/573
5. 수퍼비전 현장에서의 윤리 문제/574
4. 상담 수퍼비전의 실제 ······························································································· 576
4.1 수퍼비전의 준비단계 576
1. 동맹관계 형성/576 2. 수퍼바이지 평가에 대한 구조화/576
4.2 수퍼비전 진행단계 578
1. 상담 사례 보고/578 2. 수퍼비전 기록/579
4.3 수퍼비전 평가 및 종결단계 580
1. 수퍼비전 평가/580 2. 수퍼비전 종결/581
4.4 부록 581
인명색인 ······················································································································· 587
사항색인 ······················································································································· 589
참고문헌 및 부록 ········································································································ 594
도서명 : 상담심리학
저자/출판사 : 이장호,이동귀,저자,글,, 박영스토리
쪽수 : 616쪽
출판일 : 2023-02-27
ISBN : 9791165193836
정가 : 30000
제 1 장 상담의 기본개념
1. 상담의 정의 ····················································································································· 4
1.1 상담과 생활지도, 심리치료와의 비교 6
2. 상담자의 활동영역 ········································································································· 9
3. 용어의 정리 ··················································································································· 11
제 2 장 상담의 기초이론
1. 이론에 대한 기본관점 ·································································································· 16
2. 정신분석적 상담 치료 ·························································································· 17
2.1 기본개념 18
1. 인 간 관/18 2. 성격구조/18 3. 성격발달/19 4. 방어기제/20
2.2 치료과정 22
1. 치료목표/22 2. 치료자의 기능과 역할/23 3. 내담자가 겪는 경험/23
4. 치료자와 내담자의 관계/23
2.3 주요 기법과 절차 24
1. 해 석/25 2. 자유연상/27 3. 꿈의 분석/29 4. 저항의 해석/30
5. 전이의 해석/30 6. 정신분석적 상담의 과정/32
2.4 프로이트로부터의 이탈 : 신(新)정신분석학파 33
2.5 정신분석의 현대적 경향 36
2.6 정신분석적 면접의 예 37
3. 인간중심의 접근 ··········································································································· 41
3.1 기본개념 41
1. 인 간 관/41 2. 이론적 특징/41
3.2 치료과정 42
1. 치료목표/42 2. 치료자의 기능과 역할/42 3. 내담자가 겪는 경험/42
4. 상담자와 내담자의 관계/43
3.3 주요 기법과 절차 44
1. 기법의 위치/44 2. 이론의 발달단계로 본 역점/44
3. 인간중심적 상담의 과정/45
3.4 인간중심 접근의 면접 예 46
4. 행동수정 ························································································································· 48
4.1 기본개념 48
1. 인 간 관/48 2. 이론적 특징/49
4.2 치료과정 49
1. 치료목표/49 2. 상담자의 기능과 역할/50 3. 내담자가 겪는 경험/50
4. 상담자와 내담자의 관계/50
4.3 주요 기법과 절차 51
1. 단계적 둔감화/51 2. 자기표현훈련/51 3. 긍정적 강화/52
4. 행동조성/52 5. 모방학습/52 6. 토큰보상치료/52
7. 행동수정적 상담의 과정/53
4.4 행동수정 면접의 예 54
5. 인지적 접근 ··················································································································· 58
5.1 인지적 접근의 기본성격 58
5.2 엘리스의 합리적 정서치료 59
1. 이론적 근거/60 2. 주요 절차/60
5.3 벡의 인지치료 61
1. 이론적 근거/62 2. 주요 절차/62
5.4 자기교습훈련 66
1. 이론적 근거/66 2. 주요 절차/66
5.5 인지적 접근의 종합 및 전망 67
6. 3세대 인지행동치료 ····································································································· 69
6.1 인지행동치료의 제3의 물결 69
6.2 핵심 치료 기제 70
1. 수용/71 2. 마음챙김/71 3. 탈융합/72
6.3 3세대 인지행동치료 상담법 72
1. 수용전념치료/73 2. 마음챙김 기반 인지치료/75 3. 변증법적 행동치료/77
7. 게슈탈트 상담 ··············································································································· 80
7.1 기본개념 80
1. 게슈탈트의 의미, 그리고 상담과의 관계/80
2. 접촉을 통한 자각 혹은 알아차림/81 3. 전경과 배경의 전환/82
7.2 치료과정 83
1. 심리적 장애의 원인에 대한 이해/83 2. 게슈탈트 상담목표/84
3. 게슈탈트 상담과정/84
7.3 주요 기법 및 상담 예시 85
1. 자각 증진하기/85 2. 통합하기: 빈의자 기법/87
8. 현실치료 ························································································································· 89
8.1 기본개념 90
1. 기본적인 욕구와 선택/90 2. 전(全) 행동/90
8.2 치료과정 91
1. 심리적 장애의 원인에 대한 이해/91 2. 현실치료의 상담목표/91
3. 현실치료의 상담과정/92
8.3 주요 기법 94
1. 직면시키기/95 2. 비유 사용하기/96
8.4 현실치료 상담 사례 96
9. 상담이론들에 대한 종합적 이해 ··············································································· 99
9.1 상담이론들의 공통점과 차이점 99
9.2 상담이론들의 강조점 비교 100
9.3 이론공부를 시작하는 초심자들을 위하여 101
제 3 장 상담의 방법
1. 하나의 관점 ················································································································· 108
2. 면접의 기본방법 ········································································································· 109
2.1 경 청 110
2.2 반 영 110
2.3 명 료 화 112
2.4 직 면 112
2.5 해 석 114
2.6 해석의 일반적 지침 115
1. 해석의 대상/115 2. 해석의 시기/116 3. 해석의 제시형태/117
2.7 해석의 제한점 119
3. 문제별 접근방법 ········································································································· 120
3.1 자아개념(자기평가)의 수정 121
3.2 비합리적 사고의 교정 123
3.3 역설적 의도 129
3.4 역할연습 132
3.5 본 뜨 기 135
3.6 자기표현훈련 137
3.7 비생산적 관념의 제거 139
3.8 단계적 둔감화 141
3.9 의사결정의 촉진 150
제 4 장 상담의 과정
1. 상담의 진행과정 ·········································································································· 156
2. 상담체제(과정)의 모형 ······························································································ 161
3. 상담의 첫 면접 ··········································································································· 166
4. 상담의 종결 ················································································································· 173
제 5 장 초심상담자의 유의 사항
1. 내담자가 느끼는 불안 ································································································ 184
1.1 상담자가 나를 이해할 수(혹은 도울 수) 있을까? 184
1.2 상담에서 얘기한 것이 밖으로 새어나가지는 않을까? 186
1.3 상담자에게 너무 의존하게 되는 것은 아닐까? 187
1.4 상담에서 원치 않는 상황이 발생하면 어떻게 하나? 189
2. 초심상담자의 불안과 실수 및 대처방안 ································································ 190
2.1 내담자가 다시 안 오면 어떻게 하지? 191
2.2 수퍼비전을 받을 때 잘못한 부분은 숨기고 싶다! 192
2.3 상담자의 과도한 자기개방 194
2.4 상담에 없는 제3자의 얘기에 초점 맞추는 문제 196
2.5 질문을 남발하면서 불안을 감추기 197
2.6 침묵이 생길까봐 두렵다! 199
2.7 내담자와 사적인 관계에 빠진다면? 200
2.8 상담의 목표와 과제를 내담자와 논의하지 않는 문제 203
2.9 상담자의 가치 도덕을 내담자에게 강요하는 문제 207
2.10 문제를 이해하기 전에 해결해 주려는 오류 209
2.11 내담자가 자살하고 싶다고 말하면 어떻게 하나? 212
2.12 내담자가 말한 내용을 있는 그대로 믿는 오류 215
3. 초심상담자와 상담전문가의 어려움과 대처방식의 차이 ···································· 218
3.1 상담자 전문성 발달 관련 연구들 218
3.2 초심상담자와 상담전문가의 비교 연구의 필요성 222
3.3 김지연, 한나리 및 이동귀(2009) 연구 요약 : 초심상담자와 상담전문가가
느끼는 어려움과 대처방식의 차이 224
1. 연구대상/224 2. 연구절차/225 3. 주요 연구결과/226
4. 논의 및 시사점/235
제 6 장 집단상담
1. 집단상담의 정의 ·········································································································· 242
1.1 인간관계 훈련집단 242
1.2 집단치료 243
1.3 집단의 분류 및 비교 243
1.4 구조화된 집단 프로그램 245
2. 개인상담과 집단상담의 비교 ··················································································· 247
2.1 공통점과 차이점 247
2.2 집단상담에서의 경험 248
3. 집단상담의 준비 및 구성 ························································································· 248
3.1 집단구성원의 선정 249
3.2 집단의 크기 250
3.3 모임의 빈도 250
3.4 모임의 시간 251
3.5 집단모임 장소 251
3.6 집단참여에 대한 준비 252
3.7 폐쇄집단과 개방집단 252
4. 집단상담의 과정 ········································································································· 253
4.1 참여 단계 253
4.2 과도적 단계 254
4.3 작업 단계 255
4.4 종결 단계 257
5. 집단과정별 상담자의 개입반응 ················································································ 258
5.1 집단회기를 시작하고 마감하는 개입반응 258
1. 집단회기를 시작할 때의 개입반응들/258
2. 집단회기를 마감할 때의 개입반응들/259
5.2 집단의 초기 참여 단계에서의 개입반응 260
5.3 집단의 과도적 단계에서의 개입반응 261
5.4 집단의 작업 단계에서의 개입반응 262
5.5 집단의 종결 단계에서의 개입반응 264
5.6 집단상담의 방법과 기법 265
5.7 집단상담자의 자질과 책임 267
6. 집단상담과정의 사례 ································································································· 269
6.1 축어록(제2회) 270
6.2 회기 흐름 282
6.3 개인별 회기소감 282
6.4 상담자의 회기논평 283
제 7 장 상담활동에서의 고려사항
1. 상담에서의 가치문제 ·································································································· 288
1.1 상담에 대한 상담자의 가치관 288
1.2 내담자의 가치에 관련된 상담자의 역할 289
1.3 상담관계에 적용되는 인간적 가치들 293
2. 상담에서의 윤리문제 ································································································· 297
2.1 상담자의 책임 297
2.2 내담자와의 관계 299
2.3 비밀보장의 문제 301
2.4 상담자의 윤리문제에 대한 몇 가지 지침들 303
제 8 장 활용무대별 상담유형
1. 가족상담 ······················································································································· 308
1.1 가족상담의 필요성 308
1.2 가족상담의 원리 310
1.3 가족상담자의 역할 313
1.4 가족상담의 경향과 전망 314
1.5 가족상담의 도입 및 진행의 예시 315
2. 부부상담 ······················································································································· 319
2.1 부부상담의 현황 319
2.2 이혼과 부부상담에 관련된 문제들 320
1. 조정과정으로서의 별거/320 2. 자녀에게 미치는 영향/320
2.3 부부상담의 일반적 특징들 321
2.4 부부상담의 주요 문제들 322
1. 배우자의 외도/322 2. 불화문제/323
2.5 불화문제의 상담 324
1. 부부 간의 만족 불만족의 원인행동에 대한 자각/324
2. 의사소통 장벽의 제거/324 3. 호혜적 행동의 동의 및 실천의 촉진/325
2.6 최근 부부상담 통계자료 325
3. 위기상담 ······················································································································· 326
3.1 위기상담의 특징 326
1. 위기상담의 목표/327 2. 위기상담자의 기본요건/327
3.2 위기의 단계적 특징 및 유발조건 327
1. 위기의 단계적 특징/328 2. 위기상황의 특징/328 3. 위기감의 조건/328
3.3 위기감에 대한 접근방법 329
1. 환경조작/329 2. 일반적인 지원/329 3. 포괄적 해결노력/329
4. 개인상담/330
3.4 위기상담의 방법 330
1. 정서적 지원/330 2. 정서적 발산기회의 제공/330 3. 희망 낙관적 태도의
전달/331 4. 선택적 경청/331 5. 사실적 정보의 제시/332 6. 문제상황의
규명/332 7. 문제에 대한 공감 및 구체화/332 8. 위기상담의 진행단계/333
3.5 위기전화상담의 예 333
4. 전화상담 ······················································································································· 335
4.1 전화상담의 의미 335
4.2 전화상담의 기본 접근방식 335
1. 내담자의 특성/336 2. 기본 접근방식/336
4.3 전화상담의 방법 337
1. 공감적인 이해의 전달/337 2. 성실한 경청/338 3. 인간적 선택의 존중/338
4. 개방적 태도 및 반응/339 5. 구체적인 반응/340 6. 현실직면의 유도/340
4.4 최근 전화상담 통계자료 341
5. 목회상담 ······················································································································· 342
5.1 목회상담의 의미 343
5.2 목회상담의 방향 344
5.3 목회상담의 목표 344
5.4 목회상담의 유형 345
1. 교육적 상담/345 2. 종교적 실존적 문제의 상담/347
6. 산업상담 ······················································································································· 349
6.1 산업상담의 의미 349
1. 산업상담의 필요성/349 2. 역사적 배경/350 3. 우리나라의 현황/351
6.2 산업상담의 기본원리 352
1. 관리자의 상담행동 원리/352 2. 관리자의 바람직한 대화유형/352
6.3 산업상담에 필요한 정보 및 시설 354
6.4 바람직한 ‘관리자-상담자’의 특성 355
6.5 ‘관리자-상담자’ 면담의 예 356
7. 여성상담 ······················································································································· 358
7.1 여성상담의 기본원리 359
7.2 여성상담의 발전 360
7.3 여성운동의 관점과 상담체계 통합의 시도 362
1. 여성과 정신분석/362 2. 여성과 가족치료/363
7.4 여성상담의 과정 365
7.5 여성상담의 기법 366
8. 온라인상담 ··················································································································· 366
8.1 온라인상담의 현황 367
8.2 온라인상담의 의미 367
8.3 온라인상담의 장단점 368
8.4 온라인상담의 여러 형태 370
1. 이메일 상담/371 2. 실시간 채팅 상담/371 3. 화상상담/372
4. 상담사례 게시판/372 5. 데이터베이스를 이용한 상담/372
9. 군 상담 ························································································································ 373
9.1 군 상담관 제도의 현황 및 임무 373
9.2 군 상담의 특성 375
9.3 군 상담에서의 위기개입 절차 378
9.4 자살시도 장병의 심리적 특성 380
1. 자살시도 병사들의 위험요인/380 2. 자살시도 병사들의 보호요인/383
9.5 군 상담 사례 386
1. 내담병사 인적사항/386 2. 가족관계/ 386 3. 상담경위/386
4. 주 호소문제/387 5. 상담 축어록/ 387
10. 탈북이주민 심리상담 접근 모색 : 탈북이주민 자기힘(셀프파워)개발
집단상담 모형을 중심으로 ····················································································· 389
10.1 탈북이주민 심리교육 프로그램의 접근법 391
10.2 탈북이주민 개인 단기상담(10회기) 사례 예시 399
11. 재난피해상담 ·············································································································· 402
11.1 재난과 심리적 외상 402
1. 재 난/402 2. 심리적 외상/ 402
11.2 재난 후 스트레스 증상 403
11.3 재난 후 시간 경과에 따른 심리적 반응 405
1. 재난에 초점을 맞춘 심리적 반응 단계/405
2. 외상 해소에 초점을 맞춘 심리적 반응 단계/405
11.4 심리적 외상에 대한 개입 406
1. 치료의 일반적 지침/407 2. 외상후 초기 심리적 개입/408
3. 공동체의 관심과 지원/408
제 9 장 발달연령별 상담유형
1. 취학 전 아동의 상담 ································································································· 414
1.1 아동발달의 특성 414
1. 사고의 발달/414 2. 언어의 발달/415 3. 자아의 발달/415
1.2 아동상담의 목표 및 접근방법 416
1. 아동상담의 목표/416 2. 상담관계/416
1.3 놀이치료 418
1. 놀이의 역할/418 2. 놀이치료의 설비 및 방법/418 3. 가족의 참여/419
1.4 인지조정요법 420
1.5 미술치료 420
1. 미술치료의 개념/420 2. 미술치료의 발전/421 3. 미술치료의 실제/422
2. 초등학생 상담 ············································································································· 424
2.1 발달특성에 따른 접근 424
1. 6~9세 아동의 상담/424 2. 10~13세 아동의 상담/425
2.2 초등학생 상담의 목표 426
1. 자기이해/426 2. 건전한 자아개념의 발달/426 3. 학습과정의 촉진/427
4. 대인관계의 발달/427 5. 정서적 문제의 해소/427
2.3 초등학생 상담에서 고려할 점 428
1. 성숙수준에 대해 고려할 점/428 2. 상담과정에서의 고려점/429
2.4 초등학생 상담의 기법 429
2.5 초등학교에서의 집단상담 430
3. 중등학생 상담 ············································································································· 432
3.1 교사와 상담 432
3.2 중 고교생의 문제 433
3.3 중 고교생 상담의 기본원리 434
1. 중 고교생 상담의 특징/435 2. 가치관과 사회규범의 문제/435
3. 전문가에의 의뢰/436
3.4 중등학교에서의 집단지도 436
1. 자활시간 등을 통한 집단과정/436 2. 소집단 상담/437
3. 집단지도의 평가/437
4. 대학생 상담 ················································································································· 437
4.1 대학생의 발달특징 437
4.2 대학생 상담의 주요 문제와 접근방법 440
1. 월경곤란에 대한 근육이완훈련/440 2. 불안통제훈련/441
3. 자기표현훈련/443 4. 취업문제 등에 대한 상담/443
4.3 대학생 상담의 새로운 추세 445
5. 장 노년 상담 ············································································································· 447
5.1 성인의 심리적 특징 447
1. 중년기의 심리적 특성/447 2. 중년기 이후 노년기의 특성/448
5.2 장 노년 상담의 필요성 449
5.3 은퇴 전 노인 상담 449
5.4 은퇴 후 노인 상담 451
1. 치료적 상담영역/451 2. 예방적 상담영역/452
제10장 특수문제별 상담유형
1. 학습문제 상담 ············································································································· 458
1.1 학습문제의 기본특징 458
1.2 성공적인 학습태도를 위한 상담 458
1.3 효과적인 학습방략의 예시 461
2. 성문제 상담 ················································································································· 464
2.1 성(性)문제 상담의 필요성 464
2.2 성문제 상담의 지침 465
1. 성에 관한 상담자 자신의 인식/465 2. 개방적 의사소통/465 3. 내담자가 무지
하다는 가정/466 4. 상담자의 기본적 성지식/466 5. 의사 전문가에의 의뢰/466
6. 위장적 회피적 태도의 처리/467 7. 상담자의 객관적 역할/467
2.3 성 피해자의 상담 468
1. 성 피해자 상담의 일차적 목표 및 과정/468
2. 지속적 상담의 목표 및 과정/469
2.4 에이즈 관련 상담 473
1. 에이즈의 출현과 현 실태/473 2. 에이즈 관련 연구들/475
3. 에이즈 환자/내담자의 특징/476 4. 에이즈 관련 상담 단체들/477
3. 비행청소년 상담 ········································································································· 478
3.1 청소년 비행과 상담 478
3.2 비행청소년에 대한 접근방법 479
3.3 비행청소년 문제와 상담자의 역할 480
1. 정신건강상담/480 2. 보호조정적 상담/481
4. 직업 및 진로상담 ······································································································· 481
4.1 직업 및 진로상담의 의미 481
1. 직업상담의 기능/482 2. 일반상담과의 관계/482
4.2 진로 및 직업선택의 이론 482
1. 자아욕구 결정론/483 2. 흥미 태도의 발달 단계론/483 3. 환경적응론/483
4. 자아개념 결정론/484 5. 성격유형 상관론/484
4.3 직업계획 484
1. 개인역동적 요인의 고려/485 2. 개인적 직업적 요구 간의 간극/485
4.4 내담자의 인식부족과 진로 및 직업상담 486
1. 진로상담의 정확성에 대한 오해/486 2. 일회성 결정에 대한 편견/488
3. 적성 심리검사에 대한 과잉신뢰/489 4. 흥미와 능력 개념의 혼동/490
5. 상담자의 기타 고려사항/490
4.5 진로계획 상담의 기본지침 491
1. 내담자에 대한 평가/491 2. 직업정보의 수집 및 전달/492
3. 상담기법상의 고려점/492
제11장 전문적 상담의 현재와 미래
1. 상담자 교육의 문제점과 바람직한 방향 ································································ 496
1.1 현 상담자 연수교육의 문제점 496
1. 핵심내용의 빈곤/498 2. 실용성의 부족/498 3. 일관성의 부족/499
4. 교육내용의 중복/499 5. 상담교육자의 책임감 부족/499
1.2 바람직한 상담자 교육의 특성 499
1. 상담자 상의 구체화/500 2. 행동 및 사회과학적 내용의 강조/500 3. 상담자의
자기성장/500 4. 인접분야 전문가의 참여/501 5. 연수교육의 평가 및 지도/501
6. 상담연수자의 선정/501 7. 집단역학적 교육/501
2. 전문적 상담의 현재와 미래 ····················································································· 502
2.1 전문적 상담자의 현 위치 502
1. 제도화되지 않은 전문상담자/502 2. 정착되지 못한 상담자 교육/504
2.2 상담자 역할에 대한 인식부족 505
1. 상담자 역할에 대한 비합리적 기대/505 2. 상담자와 내담자 인구의 비율/506
2.3 전문적 상담자 및 직업적 상담활동의 미래 507
제12장 상담의 동양적 접근
1. 상담이론의 토착화 ······································································································ 514
1.1 불교적 접근 515
1. 불교에서의 인간관/515 2. 심리적인 문제와 그 원인/516 3. 해탈과 심리적
문제의 극복/516 4. 불교적 접근의 요약/517 5. 불교, 정신분석 및 인간중심의
접근 간의 비교/518
1.2 본성실현적 접근 523
1. 인 간 관/523 2. 본성실현의 장애/524 3. 본성의 실현/526
4. 요약 및 평가/529
2. 동양에서의 다른 접근들 ··························································································· 530
2.1 이장호의 통합상담론적 접근 530
1. 통합상담론이 지향하는 특징과 논리적 배경/530 2. 네 가지 논리적 배경/531
3. 통합상담의 접근 방법/533 4. 통합상담의 기존 상담접근과의 차이점/533
5. 통합상담적 집단수련의 특징적 회기과정(요약)/534 6. 통합상담론적 집단수련의
집단원 책임 및 접근기법/535
2.2 윤호균의 온마음 상담 535
2.3 노자의 도와 상담 537
1. 노자의 사상/537 2. 상담에 대한 시사점/539
2.4 명 상 541
1. 역사적 배경/541 2. 현 황/542 3. 이 론/542 4. 방 법/544
5. 적 용/546
2.5 나이칸 요법 546
1. 역사적 배경/547 2. 현 황/547 3. 이 론/547 4. 방 법/548
5. 적 용/549
2.6 모리타 요법 549
1. 역 사/549 2. 현 황/550 3. 이 론/550 4. 방 법/551 5. 요 약/552
제13장 상담 수퍼비전
1. 상담 수퍼비전의 개관 ································································································ 556
1.1 수퍼비전의 정의와 발전과정 556
1. 수퍼비전의 정의/556 2. 수퍼비전의 발전과정/557
1.2 수퍼비전의 목적 및 필요성 557
1. 내담자 보호/558 2. 수퍼바이지의 전문적 능력 향상과 성장/558
1.3 수퍼바이저의 역할과 기능 559
1. 교사 역할/559 2. 자문가 역할/559
3. 치료자 역할/560 4. 평가자 역할/560
2. 수퍼비전 이론적 모델 ······························································································· 561
2.1 발달 모델 561
1. 통합발달 모델/562 2. 전 생애 발달 모델/564
2.2 변별 모델 566
2.3 체계적 접근 모델 567
1. 수퍼비전 관계/568 2. 수퍼비전의 과제와 기능/568
3. 수퍼비전의 맥락적 요인/569
3. 수퍼비전의 윤리 ········································································································· 570
3.1 수퍼비전에서의 윤리적 쟁점 570
1. 내담자의 복지/571 2. 수퍼바이저의 역할과 책임/572
3. 수퍼바이지의 책임/573 4. 수퍼비전 관계/573
5. 수퍼비전 현장에서의 윤리 문제/574
4. 상담 수퍼비전의 실제 ······························································································· 576
4.1 수퍼비전의 준비단계 576
1. 동맹관계 형성/576 2. 수퍼바이지 평가에 대한 구조화/576
4.2 수퍼비전 진행단계 578
1. 상담 사례 보고/578 2. 수퍼비전 기록/579
4.3 수퍼비전 평가 및 종결단계 580
1. 수퍼비전 평가/580 2. 수퍼비전 종결/581
4.4 부록 581
인명색인 ······················································································································· 587
사항색인 ······················································································································· 589
참고문헌 및 부록 ········································································································ 594
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